CONDITIONAL SENTENCES kalimat pengandaian atau kalimat bersyarat. rumus + contoh
Minggu, 04 Februari 2018
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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
If (clause 1 ), (clause 2)
Type 1 :
[ If + S + V1, S + will + infinitive ] Future Possibilities
Untuk menyatakan pengandaian sesuatu yang mungkin akan terjadi diwaktu yang akan datang/ belum terjadi
Contoh:
- If they come, I will phone you.
- If the prices are low, people will buy more.
Type 2:
[ If + S + V2, S + would + infinitive ] Present ImpossibilitiesUntuk menyatakan pengandaian sesuatu yang tdak mungkin terjadi pada waktu sekarang atau sesuatu yg bersifat khayalan
Contoh:
1. If he lived here, we would contact him easily .
Fakta: He doesn’t live here now.
2. If she were a flower, I would be the beetle.
3. If I could fly, I would take the moon for you
Contoh yg Inversi:
Were we to leave today, we would get there by Sunday.
Contoh yg sekarang tdk mungkin:
If I had a car, I would go around the city
Fakta: I do not have a car.
Contoh yg khayalan:
If I could fly, I would take you to the moon
Fakta: I can not fly.
Type 3
[ If S + had + V3, S +would have + V3] Past ImpossibilitiesUntuk menyatakan pengandaian sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi pada wkt dimasa lalu
Contoh:
1. If they had informed us yesterday, we would have arrived earlier.
Fakta: They didn’t inform us yesterday.
2. If Mbah Marijan had moved to the safe place, he would have died
Fakta: Mbah Marijan didn’t move
Contoh yg bentuk inversi:
Had it been sunny yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic
wish
[ S – wish S --- V2] ------ Present Unfulfilled HopeWe wish he lived here.
[ S --- wished S --- had + V3] ---- Past Unfulfilled Hope
I wished you had come to the party last night
IF CLAUSE CONDITIONAL ( Kalimat Pengandaian )
type 1
Fungsi : Untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi dimasa yang akan datang. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:If + Present Simple, present FutureContoh:
S + is/am/are + Adj/Adv/N S + will.shall + V1
S + V1 s/es S + will/shall + be + Adj/Adv/N
S + do/does not + V1
1. If I am a rich man, I will buy a big house.
2. If She graduates her study , she will be very happy
Type 2
Fungsi : Untuk mengandalkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi sekarang aatau sesuatu yang bersifat khayalanRumusnya :
If Past Simple Past FutureContoh :
S + were+Adj/Adv/N S + would/Should + be + Adj/Adv/N
S + were not+Adj/Adv/N S + would/should not + be + Adj/Adv/N
S + V2 S + would + V1
S + did not + V1 S + would/should not + V1
Fakta :
S + is/am/are not + Adj/Adv/N
S + is/am/are + Adj/Adv/N
S + do/does not + V1
S + V1
• If You were my girl friend, I would take you to the moon
Fakta : You are not my girl friend so I don’t take you to the moon
• He would go home soon if his wife gave birth
Fakta : He doesn’t go home soon because his wife doesn’t give birth.
Type 3
Fungsi: Untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi dimasa lalu.Rumus:
If Past Perfect, Past Perfect FutureContoh: S + V2
S + had + been + Adj/Adv/N S + would/should + have + been + Adj/Adv/N
S + had not + been + Adj/Adv/N S + would/should not + have+been+Adj/Adv/N
S + had + V3 S + would/should + have + V3
S + had not + V3 S + would/should not + have + V3
Fakta: S + was/were + not + Adj/Adv/N
S + was/were + Adj/Adv/N
S + did not + V1
• If Doni had studied hard, he would have graduated from SMA.
Fakta : Doni did not study hard so he did not graduated from SMA.
• She would have come early if she had got a taxi
Conditional Sentence Exercices 1
1.If he (run) he (get) there in time. (future possibility)2.The cat (scratch) you if you (pull) her tail. (future possibility)
3.If the fog (get) thicker the plane (be diverted). (future possibility)
4.If someone (try) to blackmail me I (tell) the police. (present/future unexpected)
5.If I (live) near my officer I (be) in time for work. (But I don’t live near my office)
6.If I (be) you I (plant) some trees round the house. (But I am not you)
7.If I (know) you were coming I (meet) you at the airport. (But I didn’t know you were coming)
8.If we (find) him earlier we (save) his life. (But we didn’t find him earlier)
9.If you have finished dinner I will ask the waiter for the bill. (future possibility)
10.If he (take) my advice he (be) a rich man now. (But you didn’t take my advice, so you are not rich now).
Conditional Sentence Exercises 2
1.I ( go ) if I had known.2.If my car ( not break ) down, I should have caught the train.
3.If she were older, she (have) more sense
4.If you ( read ) that book carefully, you would understand it.
5.If the children ( be ) good, they can stay up late.
6.I ( buy ) that hat if it were not so clear
7.You ( kill ) yourself if you always work as hard as that
8.If they had waited, they ( find ) me.
9.We ( enjoy ) the play better if it had not been so long.
10.I should have come yesterday if I ( have ) nothing to do.
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